![]() Chola bronzes, especially the Nataraja sculptures of the Chola period, have become notable symbols of Hinduism. Tamil visual art is dominated by stylized Temple architecture in major centres and the productions of images of deities in stone and bronze. Scripts brought by Tamil traders to Southeast Asia, like the Grantha and Pallava scripts, induced the development of many Southeast Asian scripts such as Khmer, Javanese, Kawi, Baybayin, and Thai. Pallava traders and religious leaders travelled to Southeast Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. Medieval Tamil guilds and trading organizations like the Ayyavole and Manigramam played an important role in Southeast Asian trading networks. ![]() The Chola dynasty successfully invaded several areas in southeast Asia, including the powerful Srivijaya and the city-state of Kedah. The Pandyas and Cholas were historically active in Sri Lanka. Artefacts marking the presence of Roman traders demonstrate that direct trade was active between Ancient Rome and Southern India, and the Pandyas were recorded as having sent at least two embassies directly to the Roman Emperor Augustus in Rome. Tamils were noted for their influence on regional trade throughout the Indian Ocean. The Jaffna Kingdom, inhabited by Eelam Tamils, was once one of the strongest kingdoms of Sri Lanka and controlled much of the north of the island. Tamils constitute 5.9% of the population in India (concentrated mainly in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry), 15% in Sri Lanka (excluding Eelam Moors), 7% in Malaysia, and 5% in Singapore.įrom the 4th century BCE, urbanisation and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coasts of Tamilakam what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil empires, the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas, and Pallavas and a number of smaller states, all of whom were warring amongst themselves for dominance. People who speak Tamil as their mother tongue and are born in Tamil clans are considered Tamils. ![]() The Tamil language is one of the world's longest-surviving classical languages, with over 2000 years of Tamil literature, including the Sangam poems, which were composed between 300 BCE and 300 CE. The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar ( Tamil: தமிழர், romanized: Tamiḻar, pronounced in the singular or தமிழர்கள், Tamiḻarkaḷ, in the plural), Tamilians, or simply Tamils ( / ˈ t æ m ɪ l z, ˈ t ɑː-/ TAM-ilz, TAHM-), are a ethnolinguistic group who natively speak the Tamil language and trace their ancestry mainly to India's southern state of Tamil Nadu, the union territory of Puducherry, and to Sri Lanka.
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